Desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad. Un análisis bio-psicosocial

Human evolutionary development and longevity. A bio-psychosocial analysis

Contenido principal del artículo

Pedro Javier Castañeda-García, Dr.
Vanesa de los Dolores Bordón Suárez, Ps.
Cynthia Anghara Segura Cabrera, Ps.
Resumen

En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre el desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, desde un enfoque biopsicosocial (Engel, 1977; Gliedt et al., 2017; Lehman et al., 2017). Tras aplicar el método de análisis PRISMA, se obtuvieron diversos resultados relacionados con un desarrollo evolutivo más longevo; así, en el área biológica, 3 factores: los SNPs, los telómeros y la química del estrés; en el área psicológica, 5 factores: la metacognición, la resiliencia, la espiritualidad, las relaciones personales y la depresión; y en el área social, 8 factores: la pseudo-heredabilidad, las relaciones conyugales, la maternidad, el nivel educativo, estilos de vida, dieta y restricción calórica, actividad física y mental y tecnología sanitaria. Ante los datos obtenidos en las tres áreas, de este enfoque biopsicosocial, y el repetido solapamiento entre factores del área psicológica y del área social, se plantea que pudieran considerarse estas dos como una conjunta, proponiéndose un enfoque explicativo con dos áreas: bio-psicosocial que, por factores encontrados en este trabajo, quedarían un 18,7% de biológica y un 81,3% psicosocial. Actualmente, hay suficiente información sobre desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, pero una ausencia de investigaciones que estudien esos factores desde una perspectiva integrada. Mucha de esa información privilegiada se podría aplicar ya, psicológica y socialmente, a la población en general, para una mejora de su salud, en cualquier fase del desarrollo evolutivo humano.

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Pedro Javier Castañeda-García, Dr., Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias.

Director Master Universitario en Psicogeriatría y Gerontología Social. Director Experto Universitario en Psicogeriatría . Director Experto Universitario en Gerontología Social.

Isabel Reyes Macías, Ps., Universidad de La Laguna

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