Rumiación cognitiva y psicopatologías externalizantes: una revisión sistemática

Cognitive rumination and externalizing psychopathologies: a systematic review

Contenido principal del artículo

Edilberto Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Pre-Psi
Aimel Navarro-Ocampo, Pre-Psi
Heidy Vanessa Ortiz, Pre-Psi
Resumen

Las psicopatologías internalizantes y externalizantes se asocian con la rumiación cognitiva según el modelo transdiagnóstico, sin embargo, en este segundo grupo de problemáticas esta asociación aún requiere de avances investigativos en el campo. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en evidenciar de manera sistemática y estructurada, la investigación reciente sobre la relación que hay entre la psicopatología externalizante y la rumiación cognitiva. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a partir de las pautas del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Se tomaron estudios publicados que aparecen en bases de datos que cumplieran con los criterios de elegibilidad propuestos para el estudio, además, se empleó sistema de calificación por jueces como control de sesgo. En la selección final se obtuvieron 17 artículos investigativos depurados de 7314 inicialmente seleccionados. Los resultados evidenciaron que las conductas desadaptadas, agresivas, el tono de voz elevado, la ingesta desproporcionada de alcohol, la agitación psicomotora y la desobediencia, están asociados a la rumiación cognitiva, lo que evidencia a su vez, una elevada correlación con la ira, como factor antecesor de la conducta externalizante. Por otra parte, se encontró que los factores como la angustia, el estrés, la irritabilidad, el miedo y las experiencias laborales negativas, desencadenan una elevación en la rumiación cognitiva, y conllevan a desajustes comportamentales dada la ausencia de recursos en las estrategias de afrontamiento y el autocontrol, particularmente, ante la provocación y la respuesta emocional de la ira.


Palabras Clave: Revisión sistemática, rumiación, externalizante, psicopatología, agresión.

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Biografía del autor/a / Ver

Ronald Alberto Toro Tobar, Msc, Universidad Católica de Colombia

Psicólogo MSc. Docente Investigador.

Edilberto Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Pre-Psi, Universidad Católica de Colombia

Psicólogo y Técnico profesional en servicio de policía (Escuela nacional de carabineros — Direccion nacional de escuelas Policia Nacional de Colombia)

Aimel Navarro-Ocampo, Pre-Psi, Universidad Católica de Colombia

Psicólogo y Auxiliar de enfermería (Instituto de Capacitación Nuestra Señora de Fatima de Cali)

Heidy Vanessa Ortiz, Pre-Psi, Universidad Católica de Colombia

Psicóloga egresada de la Universidad Católica de Colombia

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