Procesamiento de lenguaje natural en la Salud Mental: Revisión de alcance

Use of Natural Language Processing in Mental Health: Scoping Review

Contenido principal del artículo

Reyk Sayk Alemán Acuña
Eider Pereira Montiel, MsC.
Ever Augusto Torres Silva, MA Bio
David Andrés Montoya Arenas, PhD.
Resumen

Esta revisión tiene como objetivo analizar el uso del procesamiento de lenguaje natural en las investigaciones de trastornos mentales en adultos, como la depresión, ansiedad y los sentimientos de duelo. Realizando una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos relevantes (PubMed, IEEE, ScienceDirect y LILACS) publicado en español e inglés desde 2017 hasta 2022 sin restricciones de país de origen. Se utilizaron términos MeSH y de texto libre para identificar estudios sobre la implementación del procesamiento del leguaje natural en la detección de condiciones de salud mental como la ansiedad, depresión y sentimientos de duelo. Se encontraron un total de 136 estudios relacionados, de los cuales se seleccionaron 32 artículos para la revisión. Donde se muestra un incremento de la utilización del procesamiento de lenguaje natural en la salud pública, espacialmente entre los años 2020 y 2022. Además, se observó que las redes sociales son una fuente de datos frecuentemente utilizada en estos estudios, y que los modelos de aprendizaje automático supervisados son los más prevalentes en la detección de depresión y ansiedad. El procesamiento de lenguaje natural puede mejorar la detección de problemas de salud mental en la salud pública. Los métodos de aprendizaje supervisados supervisado son los más comunes, pero los algoritmos basados en aprendizaje profundo presentan perspectivas innovadoras y se espera que esta tecnología siga en aumento para mejorar la detección y tratamiento de trastornos mentales. Es importante continuar investigando y desarrollando estas tecnologías para su aplicada en la salud pública.


 

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