Relaciones conceptuales: comparación entre Niños, Adultos Jóvenes y Adultos Mayores

Conceptual relationships: comparison between Children, Young Adults and Older Adults

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Ana García Coni, Dra.
Brenda Piccolo, Lic.
Resumen

El estudio de la organización del conocimiento en la memoria semántica suscita gran interés en Psicología Cognitiva y Neuropsicología. El conocimiento semántico está representado por conceptos que comparten características y forman una jerarquía inclusiva -organización taxonómica-, o que se vinculan en tiempo y espacio -organización temática o situacional-. Se considera que a lo largo del desarrollo cambia la preferencia por estos tipos de organización, pero son pocos los estudios que comparan las organizaciones conceptuales de niños en edad escolar, adultos jóvenes y mayores, y sus resultados son divergentes. Asimismo, la organización conceptual también varía en función del dominio al que pertenece el concepto (vivo vs no vivo). Por lo tanto, el objetivo general de este estudio fue estudiar qué tipos de organización conceptual empleaban esos grupos en una tarea de producción de atributos para conceptos de seres vivos y no vivos. Los resultados indican que la producción de atributos taxonómicos fue significativamente mayor para los adultos jóvenes que para los adultos mayores y los niños, en tanto la producción taxonómica de estos dos últimos grupos fue pareja. En cuanto a la producción temática, fue alta y homogénea en los tres grupos de edad. Por último, para el dominio de los seres no vivos los atributos resultaron en su mayoría temáticos y perceptivos, y para el dominio de los seres vivos, mayormente perceptivos.

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Biografía del autor/a / Ver

Ana García Coni, Dra., Investigador Asistente CONICET- IPSIBAT UNMdP

Invetigadora Asistente de la Carrera de Investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Ayudante de Trabajos Prácticos en la asignatura Teorías del Aprendizaje de la Facultad de Psicología la UNMdP. En los últimos años vengo desarrollando líneas de investigación referidas al estudio de los procesos cognitivos en niños, adolescente y adultos.

Ana Comesaña, Dra., Investigador Asistente CONICET- IPSIBAT UNMdP

Invetigadora Asistente de la Carrera de Investigador de Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones científicas y técnicas (CONICET)- Docente Titular de Psicología General y del Desarrrollo y Ciclo Vital- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Trabajo Social de la UNMdP. En los últimos años vengo desarrollando líneas de investigación referidas al estudio de los procesos cognitivos en adultos mayores con y sin patologías neurológicas y desarrollando intrumentos para el entrenamiento y rehabilitación de dichas funciones.

Brenda Piccolo, Lic., Adscripta a la investigación en IPSIBAT UNMdp

Actualmente, tras haber desarrolado su tesis de grado acerca del desarrollo de la categorización semántica, continúa desempeñándose como adscripta en el grupo de investigación.

Jorge Ricardo Vivas, Dr., Director del IPSIBAR (UNMdP - CONICET)

Profesor titular de las asignaturas Teorías del Aprendizaje y Psicología Cognitiva de la Facultad de Psicología UNMdP. Director IPSIBAT (UNMDP-CONICET) Centro Asociado a CIC Prov. de Bs As

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