Depresión Infanto-Juvenil y exposición temprana a la violencia

Child and adolescent depression and early exposure to violence

Contenido principal del artículo

Resumen

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica  tiene como objetivo conocer las aproximaciones teóricas de la depresión en el curso de vida infanto juvenil, a partir de la exposición temprana a situaciones de violencia, en tanto los procesos de mielinización se obstruyen, en la medida en que en los primeros años de vida, se es  víctima de violencia, influyendo esto directamente en alteraciones, cognitivas, comportamentales y emocionales. Resulta del interés en conocer los avances de  las disciplinas, las metodologías, las categorías y las preguntas que están motivando a los investigadores sobre el la depresión como síntoma arraigado en la violencia, hoy.  El análisis de la información fue desarrollada a través del estado del arte que constaba de 8 (ocho) ítems y 50 (cincuenta) filas, con el fin de ordenar y categorizar la información a partir de  conceptos relacionales. Las perspectivas disciplinares indagadas en esta revisión son la Psicología, la psiquiatría, la neuropsicología y las ciencias sociales. Las principales categorías indagadas por los autores son: mielinización, violencia infantil, depresión, consecuencias Neuropsicológicas y emocionales de la violencia. Las preguntas que formulan los investigadores se  ubican en cuatro campos: procesos neurobiológicos, violencia y maltrato infantil, pautas de crianza, depresión infanto juvenil, y  trastornos comportamentales, emocionales y cognitivos. Por los resultados obtenidos, se identificó que los problemas cardinales abordados en las investigaciones son, la violencia intrafamiliar, las pautas de crianza como uno de los ejes articuladores, y la depresión infanto juvenil.

Palabras clave

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Referencias

Arizaga, J. A; Polo, A. J. & Martínez Torteya, C. (2020). Heterogeneous Trajectories of Depression Symptoms in Latino Youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 49(1), 94-105. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-04089-002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1443457

Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, Sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescente depression. Trends in neurosciences, 31(4), 183-191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18329735/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2008.01.004

Briggs-Gowan, M.J; Carter, A.S. & Ford, J.D. (2012). Parsing the effects violence exposure in early childhood: Modeling developmental pathways. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37(1) 11-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263769/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsr063

Brooks, G. J., & GJ, D. (1997). The effects of poverty on children. Future Child Cent Future Child. David Lucile Packard Found, 55-71. https://www.purdue.edu/hhs/hdfs/fii/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/s_mifis04report.pdf

Burlaka, V., Hong, J.S., Churakova, I; Serdiuk O; Proskura V; Shvets D. (2020)The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Corporal Punishment in Early Adulthood Depression and Substance Use among Ukrainian College Students. J Fam Viol. 35, 285–295. https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_645926_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-019-00110-x

Choi, J; Jeong, B; Polcari, A; Rohan, M.L; Teicher M.H. (2012). Reduced fractional anisotropy in the visual limbic pathway of young adults witnessing domestic violence in childhood. Neuroimage, 59(2). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21985907/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.033

Clarke, T; Zeng, Y; Navrady, L; Xia, C; Haley, C… Porteous, D. (2018). Genetic and environmental determinants of stressful life events and their overlap with depression and neuroticism. Wellcome Open Research, 3(11). https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/genetic-and-environmental-determinants-of-stressful-life-events-a DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13893.1

Cortés, B.G.M. & Cruz L.P. (2011). Resilience: Is it possible to measure and influence it?. Salud Menta, 34(3), 237-246. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0185-33252011000300007&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Croft, J; Heron, J; Teufel, C. (2019). Association of Trauma Type, Age of Exposure, and Frequency in Childhood and Adolescence With Psychotic Experiences in Early Adulthood. Jama Psychiatry, 76(1), 79-86. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2714595 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3155

Croteau-Chonka, E.C; Dean, D; Remer J; Dirks H; O'Muircheartaigh J; Deoni S.C.L. (2016). Examining the relationships between cortical maturation and white matter myelination throughout early childhood. Neuroimage, 15(125), 413-421. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691410/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.038

Dean, D.C; O'Muircheartaigh, J; Dirks, H; Waskiewicz N; Lehman, K… Deoni S.C.L. (2014). Modeling healthy male white matter and myelin development: 3 through 60months of age. Neuroimage. 1(84), 742-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24095814/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.058

Dean, D.C; O'Muircheartaigh, J; Dirks, H. Waskiewicz N; Walker L… Deoni S.C.L. (2015). Characterizing longitudinal white matter development during early childhood. Brain Struct Funct, 220(4), 1921-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481335/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0763-3

Dennison, M; Rosen, M; Sambrook, K; Jenness, J; Sheridan, M; McLaughlin, K. (2017). Differential Associations of Distinct Forms of Childhood Adversity With Neurobehavioral Measures of Reward Processing: A Developmental Pathway to Depression. Society for research in Child Development, 90(1), 50-96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013316/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13011

Deoni, S.C.L; Dean, D.C; Remer, J; Dirks H; O'Muircheartaigh J. (2015). Cortical maturation and myelination in healthy toddlers and young children. Neuroimage, 115 -147. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5222951/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.058

Deoni, S; O’Muircheartaigh, J; Elison, J.T; Walker L; Doernberg E; Waskiewicz N… Jumbe N.L. (2016). White matter maturation profiles through early childhood predict general cognitive ability. Brain Struct Funct, 221(2), 1189-1203. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771819/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0947-x

DSM-V. (2014). Guía de consulta de los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.eafit.edu.co/ninos/reddelaspreguntas/Documents/dsm-v-guia-consulta-manual-diagnostico-estadistico-trastornos-mentales.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425657

Fitzpatrick, C; Barnett, T. & Pagani L.S. (2012). Early exposure to media violence and later child adjustment. J Dev Behav Pediatr, 33(4), 291-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22481072/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31824eaab3

Flouri, E; Francesconi, M; Midouhas, E; Lewis, G. (2020). Prenatal and childhood adverse life events, inflammation and depressive symptoms across adolescence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260(1), 577-582. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31539695/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.024

Flouri, E; Francesconi, M; Papachristou, E; Midouhas, E; Lewis, G. (2019). Stressful life events, inflammation and emotional and behavioural problems in children: A population-based study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 80, 66-72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30807839/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.023

Folger, A.T; Putnam, K.T; Putnam, F.W; Peugh J; Eismann E… Ammerman R. (2017). Maternal Interpersonal Trauma and Child Social-Emotional Development: An Intergenerational Effect. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 31(2), 99-107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28140478/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12341

García Vera, M. & Sanz, J. (2016). Tratamiento de los trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad en niños y adolescentes. De la investigación a la consulta. Piramide, 14-23. https://www.edicionespiramide.es/libro.php?id=4668043

Gómez, R. C; Aulí, B; Tamayo, M; Martínez, F; Garzón, D; Casas, G. (2016). Prevalencia y factores asociados a trastornos mentales en la población de niños colombianos, Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental (ENSM). rev colomb psiquiat, 45(S1), 39–49. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-colombiana-psiquiatria-379-articulo-prevalencia-factores-asociados-trastornos-mentales-S0034745016300622 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.06.010

Gómez, R. C; Bohórquez, A; Tamayo, M; Rondón, M; Bautista, N; Rengifo, H; Medina, M. (2016). Trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad y factores asociados en la población de adolescentes colombianos, Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental. rev colomb psiquiat, 45(1), 50–57. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/806/80650839008.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.09.009

Gordillo, R; Del Barrio, V. & Carrasco, M. A. (2018). Estudio longitudinal del efecto de primacía entre depresión y agresión física y verbal en una muestra infanto-adolescente. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 5(2), 43-48. http://www.revistapcna.com/sites/default/files/06.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2018.05.2.6

Graham, A.M; Kim, H.K. & Fisher P.A. (2012). Partner aggression in high-risk families from birth to age 3 years: Associations with harsh parenting and child maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 105-114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3380639/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026722

Greene, C.A; Chan, G; McCarthy, K.J; Wakschlag L; Briggs-Gowan M. (2018). Psychological and physical intimate partner violence and young children's mental health: The role of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms and parenting behaviors. Child Abuse Negl., 77, 168-179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29358121/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.012

Hammen, C. (2018). Risk Factors for Depression: An Autobiographical. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14, 1-28. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811

Hardt, J; Herke, M. & Schier, K. (2011). Suicidal ideation, parent-child relationships, and adverse childhood experiences: A cross-validation study using a Graphical Markov Model. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 42(2) 119-133. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20953830/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0203-4

Heerde, J.A. & Hemphill, S.A. (2019). Exploration of associations between family and peer risk and protective factors and exposure to physically violent behavior among homeless youth: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Violence, 9(5), 491–503. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-05794-001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000181

Huang, C.; Vikse, J.H; Lu, S. & Yi, S. (2015). Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Early Delinquency. Journal of Family Violence, 30(8). 100-121 https://www.nationalcac.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Children%E2%80%99s-exposure-to-intimate-partner-violence-and-early-delinquency.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9727-5

Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. (2010). Guía clínica para los trastornos afectivos (depresión y distimia) en niños y adolescentes. México. http://inprf-cd.gob.mx/guiasclinicas/trastornos_afectivos.pdf

Jones, T.M; Nurius, P; Song, C; Fleming, C.M. (2018). Modeling life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to adult mental health. Child Abuse Negl, 80, 32-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29567455/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.005

Karacan, K; Kosar, M.I; Çimen, M; Solak O. & Sahin B. (2013). Determination of lateral ventricle and brain volume in children with stereological method using MRI. Int. J. Morphol. 31(1), 211-216. https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-95022013000100035&script=sci_abstract&tlng=p DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000100035

Lebel, C. & Beaulieu, C. (2011). Longitudinal development of human brain wiring continues from childhood into adulthood. J Neurosci. 31(30). https://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/30/10937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5302-10.2011

Lemieux, S; Tourigny, M; Joly, J; Baril, K. & Séguin, M. (2019). Characteristics associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among childhood sexual abuse women. Rev Epidemiol Sante, 67(5), 285-294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353238/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2019.05.012

Lowe, C. (2016). The Professional's Influence within the Client System: Exploring Counter-Transference and Adult Attachment within the Therapeutic Relationships with Children Experiencing Abuse and Their Caregivers. Journal of Social Work Practice, 30(1), 59-68. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02650533.2015.1035236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2015.1035236

Mah, A; Geeraert, B; & Lebel, C. (2017) Detailing neuroanatomical development in late childhood and early adolescence using NODDI. Plos One,12 (8). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182340

Mall, S; Mortier, P; Taljaard, L; Roos J; Stein D.J. & Lochner, C. (2018). The relationship between childhood adversity, recent stressors, and depression in college students attending a South African university. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 63-85. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-017-1583-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1583-9

McElroy, E; Fearon, P; Belsky, J; Fonagy, P; Patalay P. (2018). Networks of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Across Development. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(12), 964-973. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856718317751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.027

McKelvey, L.M; Edge, N.C; Mesman G.R; Whiteside-Mansell L; Bradley R. (2018). Adverse experiences in infancy and toddlerhood: Relations to adaptive behavior and academic status in middle childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 82, 168-177. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29908436/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.026

Meijer, L; Finkenauer, C; Tierolf, B; Lünnemann M; Steketee M. (2019). Trajectories of traumatic stress reactions in children exposed to intimate partner violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93, 170-181. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213419301590 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.04.017

Merz, E; He X. & Noble K. G. (2018). Anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and brain structure in children and adolescent Neuroimage Clin, 24(20), 243-251. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30094172/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.020

Mętel, D; Arciszewska A., Daren A., Pionke R., Cechnicki A…Gawęda Ł. (2019). Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in young adults. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 14 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eip.12829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12829

Ministerio de Salud. (2018). Encuesta Nacional de Violencia contra niños, niñas y adolescentes EVCNNA. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/GCFI/evcnna-presentacion.pdf

Ministerio de Salud. (2017). Boletín de salud mental, Depresión. Subdirección de enfermedades no transmisibles. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENT/boletin-onsm-abril-2018.pdf

Minsalud; Colciencias. (2015). Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015 Tomo 1. Colombia. http://www.odc.gov.co/Portals/1/publicaciones/pdf/consumo/estudios/nacionales/CO031102015-salud_mental_tomoI.pdf

Méndez, F. X. (1999). Depresión en la infancia y la adolescencia. Madrid: klínic. https://consaludmental.org/publicaciones/DepresionInfanciaadolescencia.pdf

Monteleone, A.M; Patriciello, G; Ruzzi, V; Cimino M; Giorno C… Maj M. (2018). Deranged emotional and cortisol responses to a psychosocial stressor in anorexia nervosa women with childhood trauma exposure: Evidence for a “maltreated ecophenotype”?. J Psychiatr Res, 104:39-45. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-42044-007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.013

Montes, C. J; Urteaga, E. (2018). Plasticidad sináptica como sustrato de la resiliencia. Rev Neurol, 67(11), 453-460. https://www.neurologia.com/articulo/2018258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.6711.2018258

Muratori, M; DElfino, G; & Zubieta, E.M. (2012). Sucesos vitals y bienestar. Anuario de investigaciones, 19(1), 49-57. https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=reXZQBQAAAAJ&hl=es

Negriff, S; Gordis, E.B; Susman, E.J; Kim K; Peckins M.K; Schneiderman J.U; Mennen F.E. (2019). The Young Adolescent Project: A longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development. Journal Development and Psychopathology, 1-20. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/young-adolescent-project-a-longitudinal-study-of-the-effects-of-maltreatment-on-adolescent-development/8ED0B8AD0D6503DD117232B46A339223

Nunes, B. M; Hauck, F. N. & Cardoso C. (2016). La depressión y el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y adolescentes: la prueba de modelos teóricos. Psico, 47(4), 259-267. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0103-53712016000400002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2016.4.23012

Ohashi, K; Anderson, C.M; Bolger, E.A; Khan A; McGreenery C.E; Teicher M.H. (2019). Susceptibility or Resilience to Maltreatment Can Be Explained by Specific Differences in Brain Network Architecture. Biol Psychiatry, 85(8), 690-702. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30528381/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.10.016

OMS. (2013). Organización mundial de la salud . Obtenido de https://www.who.int/health-topics/depression#tab=tab_1

Orgilés, M; Samper, M. D; Fernández, M. I. & Espada, J. P. (2017). Depresión en preadolescentes españoles: Diferencias en función de variables familiares. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 4(2), 129-134. file:///C:/Users/eduar/Downloads/Dialnet-DepresionEnPreadolescentesEspanoles-6036912.pdf

Pernebo, K. & Almqvist, K. (2016). Young children's experiences of participating in group treatment for children exposed to intimate partner violence: A qualitative study. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25410886/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104514558432

Pinto, A; Gomes, J; De Araújo, L; De Lima, M; Da Penha, M. (2018). Depressão e Adolescência: Relação com Qualidade de Vida e Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Rev. Psicol. IMED, 10(2), 6-21. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2175-50272018000200002&lng=pt&nrm=iso DOI: https://doi.org/10.18256/2175-5027.2018.v10i2.2752

Ramiro, L. S; Madrid, B. J; Brown, D. W. (2010). Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and health-risk behaviors among adults in a developing country setting, Child Abuse Negl., 34(11), 842-55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20888640/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.02.012

Rossi, R; Talevi, D; Gregori, E; Quarta, E; Lucaselli A; Pacitti, F. (2020). Early interpersonal violence mediates the effect of family history of mental disorder on suicide attempts in a non-clinical sample. Riv Psichiatr, 55(1), 37-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32051624/

Sim, W.H; Jorm, A; Lawrence, K. & Yap, M. (2019). Development and evaluation of the Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (PaRCADS): assessment of parental concordance with guidelines for the prevention of child anxiety and depression. PeerJ, 30 (7), 65-68. https://peerj.com/articles/6865/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6865

Sanz, J., & García-Vera, M. P. (2020). Las ideas equivocadas sobre la depresión infantil y adolescente y su tratamiento. Clínica y Salud, 31(1), 55-65. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-52742020000100006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/clysa2020a4

Sharkey C.M., Espeleta H.C., Bakula D.M., Roberts C.M., Ruppe N. M… Mullins L.L. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences: Non-medical trauma in the context of pediatric chronic illness. Children's Health Care, 49 (1), 40-54. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02739615.2018.1553677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2018.1553677

Sheikh, M.A; Abelsen, B. & Olsen, J.A. (2016). Clarifying associations between childhood adversity, social support, behavioral factors, and mental health, health, and well-being in adulthood: A population-based study. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1-24. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00727/full DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00727

Vicente, B; Saldivia, S; de la Barra, F; Kohn, R; Pihan, R; Valdivia, M; Rioseco, P; & Melipillan, R. (2012). Prevalence of child and adolescent mental disorders in Chile: a community epidemiological study. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 53(10), 1026-1035. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22646991/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02566.x

Westrupp, E.M; Brown, S; Woolhouse, H; Gartland, D. & Nicholson, J.M. (2018). Repeated early-life exposure to inter-parental conflict increases risk of preadolescent mental health problems. Eur J Pediatr, 177(3), 419-427. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29273942/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3071-0

Citaciones