Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja

Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence

Contenido principal del artículo

Laura Rojo Ornelas
Corina Lenora Benjet Miner
Rebeca Robles García
Jennifer Lira Mandujano
Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y poder describir la etiología y los mecanismos que mantienen la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia perpetrada por hombres mexicanos en contra de sus parejas femeninas. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio cualitativo mediante la técnica de grupos focales, en el que participaron 14 hombres reclutados a través de una campaña de marketing en redes sociales, todos con antecedentes de ejercicio de violencia de pareja y consumo de alcohol (evaluados mediante el AUDIT y un cuestionario semiestructurado). El análisis de datos se hizo de forma manual, con base en la teoría fundamentada, y fue sometido a tres tipos de triangulación. De acuerdo con los resultados, la etiología de la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja es la inadecuada satisfacción de la necesidad de vínculo (apego), impuesta por la socialización normativa de ser hombre, culturalmente conocida como machismo; asociación que se mantiene principalmente por la desregulación emocional, la falta de habilidades de convivencia en pareja y el mal manejo de la economía familiar. Los resultados ponen sobre la mesa un hecho conocido, pero poco tomado en cuenta: tanto el consumo de alcohol como el ejercicio de la violencia están fuertemente influenciados por la cultura, lo que vuelve necesaria la investigación del fenómeno enfatizando las peculiaridades de la población bajo estudio. Estos resultados pueden considerarse un indicador de los componentes necesarios para desarrollar una intervención que atienda ambas variables, en población mexicana

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