La influencia de los estilos de apego adolescente, la ansiedad y las experiencias infantiles adversas (ACE) en el rendimiento escolar.
The influence of adolescent attachment styles, anxiety, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on school performance
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El propósito de este estudio es profundizar en la comprensión del fracaso escolar y la baja motivación para el aprendizaje presentada por algunos estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato. Específicamente, analizamos variables que podrían estar relacionadas con este fenómeno, como el Modelo Interno de Trabajo de Apego (IWM, por sus siglas en inglés), el nivel de ansiedad y las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (ACE, por sus siglas en inglés), así como otras características sociodemográficas y familiares. La muestra consistió en 109 estudiantes de entre 13 y 20 años, 65 chicos y 74 chicas, matriculados en la misma escuela. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional utilizando el cuestionario CAMIR-R para la evaluación del modelo interno de apego, el STAI para el nivel de ansiedad y el cuestionario ACE para las experiencias adversas en la infancia. El rendimiento escolar se midió utilizando la nota media obtenida en las asignaturas estudiadas en el segundo trimestre. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre un modelo de apego seguro y un mejor rendimiento escolar. Los estudiantes con modelos de apego inseguros obtienen puntuaciones más altas en ansiedad y han estado expuestos a un mayor número de experiencias adversas en la infancia. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de los modelos de funcionamiento interno seguro en los procesos de aprendizaje. Se recomienda que se realicen investigaciones de este tipo con diferentes grupos de muestra e incluso sus posibles relaciones con las funciones ejecutivas.
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