Cognitive impairment and spontaneous recovery in patients with diagnosis of alcohol harmful use or alcohol dependence syndrome
Deterioro cognitivo y recuperación espontánea en pacientes con diagnóstico de Consumo Perjudicial o Síndrome de Dependencia Alcohólico
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The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the deterioration of cognitive functions due to alcohol abuse and its possible spontaneous recovery, as well as to observe the temporal evolution of this recovery, from the beginning to 24 months of abstinence. One hundred patients of both sexes participate voluntarily. All were in treatment for harmful drinking cessation or alcohol dependency syndrome, and they were grouped into cohorts according to withdrawal time. The control group consisted of 20 people with no history of alcoholism, paired with the patients in the variables of age, sex and educational level. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a standardized anamnesis, while the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), in their Spanish versions, were used to assess cognitive impairment. Eight clinical and socio-demographic variables and 27 seven cognitive variables were obtained for each participant. Significant differences were observed between measures of the same cognitive variables provided by both instruments, with MOCA being more discriminating. The results showed that both the deterioration at the beginning of abstinence and its subsequent spontaneous recovery are different for each variable, and that the most outstanding changes occur 6 months after starting abstinence, and later on, between 18 and 24 months. According the obtained evidence, Attention and Language are the variables most likely to benefit from a cognitive rehabilitation program, which should be implemented between 6 and 18 months of abstinence.
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