Tensões entre a Escola e as Famílias Indígenas Mapuche

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O direito dos povos indígenas de receber uma educação que respeite sua identidade cultural foi consagrado em numerosas declarações internacionais. Entretanto, as escolas enfrentam dificuldades para abordar a etnia dos alunos, incorporar o ponto de vista indígena e interagir adequadamente com as famílias.  As autoras pertencem ao povo mapuche e consideraram relevante abordar as tensões percebidas no espaço educacional durante sua experiência acadêmica e profissional. Elas aderem à perspectiva da psicologia cultural, que propõe a construção mútua do indivíduo e de seu contexto. Esta pesquisa busca entender as tensões entre a escola e as famílias indígenas pertencentes ao povo mapuche e que vivem fora do território ancestral. Foi adotada uma estratégia de coleta e análise de dados qualitativos, com foco nas narrativas de 14 mães e pais mapuches com filhos em idade escolar. O relacionamento entre a escola e as famílias mapuches é marcado por desconfiança e críticas por parte dessas últimas. A escola demonstra ambivalência, pois tenta incorporar expressões culturais mapuches e, ao mesmo tempo, reproduz dinâmicas discriminatórias. As tensões observadas estão relacionadas ao legado de discriminação deixado pela escola e à experiência de racismo vivida pelos entrevistados. As limitações no gerenciamento da diversidade cultural são perpetuadas pela resistência política e social ao progresso na garantia de maiores direitos para os povos indígenas.

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