Efecto de dos intervenciones de mindfulness en estudiantes universitarios: una prueba controlada aleatorizada
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Conteúdo do artigo principal
La práctica del mindfulness, especialmente del programa Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) ha demostrado múltiples beneficios en la salud mental de la población en general. Sin embargo, son escazas las investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo en el contexto latinoamericano. Ante ello, se diseñó esta investigación con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del programa de Mindfulness MBSR en el estrés, ansiedad, depresión, regulación emocional y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios mexicano. Para lograr tal propósito, un total de 132 participantes fueron aleatorizados a tres grupos (al grupo del Programa Presencial (PP), al grupo del Programa Presencial más Actividades en Casa (PP + AC) o al grupo Control). Cada uno de ellos contestó cuatro instrumentos psicométricos en un diseño pretest/post-test. Los resultados mostraron que, al comparar las dos versiones del mismo programa de mindfulness y al grupo control, los participantes que recibieron las sesiones presenciales y también realizaron las actividades en casa reportaron una disminución mayor en sus niveles de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y estrategias desadaptativas, así como un aumento en el uso de sus estrategias adaptativas, su nivel consciencia plena y su bienestar psicológico. En conclusión, se identificó que los estudiantes asignados al grupo del Programa Presencial más Actividades en Casa pudieron contener de mejor forma el impacto de los factores de riesgo y también incrementaron el uso de las estrategias de regulación emocional consiguiendo un aumento significativo en su bienestar psicológico.
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