Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS): ventajas de una administración adaptativa

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): advantages of an adaptive administration

Contenido principal del artículo

Facundo Juan Pablo Abal
Juan Franco Sánchez González
Horacio Félix Attorresi
Resumen

La escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS) es usada con frecuencia como screening para la detección de riesgo suicida y/o depresión aun cuando, por su extensión de 20 ítems, resulta poco eficiente. En este trabajo se analiza si una estrategia de administración adaptativa podría abreviar el tiempo de aplicación de la BHS. Participaron 783 individuos de población general (50.9% mujeres). Se seleccionó aleatoriamente un 70% de los casos para calibrar los ítems con el Modelo Logístico de 2 parámetros de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Se eliminaron dos elementos que presentaron funcionamiento inadecuado. El 30% restante de la muestra se utilizó para simular una administración adaptativa de los 18 ítems calibrados. Se compararon dos modalidades de interrupción: a) al administrar 9 ítems y b) al alcanzar un error de estimación ≤ 0.35 o administrar 9 ítems (criterio mixto). Bajo ambas condiciones se registraron correlaciones de .95 con el nivel de Desesperanza estimado a partir de los 18 ítems. No obstante, la interrupción basada en el criterio mixto no mostró un impacto adicional en la eficiencia de la medida. Al igual que la versión de 18 ítems, las aplicaciones adaptativas estimaron con más precisión los niveles elevados del rasgo. La medición adaptativa no afectó las evidencias de validez al estudiar la asociación del rasgo con facetas del Neuroticismo y dimensiones sintomatológicas. Se concluye que una administración adaptativa de 9 ítems puede abreviar considerablemente la BHS sin perjudicar la validez y confiabilidad de la medida.

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Biografía del autor/a / Ver

Juan Franco Sánchez González, Universidad de Buenos Aires

Licenciado en Psicología. Ayudante de Trabajos Prácticos de Estadística en la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Gabriela Susana Lozzia, Universidad de Buenos Aires

Doctora en Psicología. Profesora Adjunta de Estadística en la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Horacio Félix Attorresi, Universidad de Buenos Aires

Licenciado en Ciencias Matemáticas. Profesor Consulto Titular de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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