Violência obstétrica e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático no pós-parto de mulheres: uma revisão

Obstetric violence and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder in women: a review

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Eva Grassa Mairal
Funções:  
Guadalupe Germano
Resumo

A violência obstétrica (VO) é uma forma de violência de gênero exercida durante a gravidez, o parto e/ou o pós-parto. Este estudo foca em analisar o impacto dessa violência na saúde mental das mulheres, especificamente no desenvolvimento do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) pós-parto. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo o método PRISMA, selecionando 15 estudos empíricos publicados entre 2019 e 2024. Os resultados confirmaram uma relação entre a VO e o TEPT, evidenciando que a sintomatologia aumenta com o tempo decorrido desde o parto. Foram identificadas como práticas de VO mais prejudiciais o abuso físico e verbal, a falta de consentimento em intervenções, a negligência e a desumanização do processo de parto. A prevalência de TEPT pós-parto varia entre 6% e 20%, sendo maior em mulheres que sofreram VO. Como fatores protetores destacam-se o tratamento respeitoso por parte dos profissionais de saúde, o apoio contínuo de um parceiro, familiar ou doula, e o empoderamento das mulheres durante o parto. Também são benéficas práticas como o contato pele a pele e o início precoce da amamentação. Esses achados ressaltam a necessidade de implementar políticas de atendimento perinatal respeitoso e de capacitar o pessoal de saúde para prevenir a VO e suas consequências. A percepção do processo de parto e do tratamento recebido tem efeitos duradouros na saúde mental materna, afetando o vínculo mãe-bebê e a qualidade de vida a longo prazo.

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Detalhes do artigo

Biografia do Autor (assistir)

Eva Grassa Mairal, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA); Asociación Oscense Pro Salud Mental (ASAPME Huesca

Máster en Psicología General Sanitaria (UDIMA); Máster Propio en
Sexología Clínica (UAV); Graduada en Psicología con mención en psicología de la salud e
intervención en trastornos mentales y del comportamiento (UNED).

Guadalupe Germano, Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA); Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA).

Dra. en Psicología, Especialista en Orientación Vocacional y Educativa, Lic. en Psicología. Profesora universitaria de grado y posgrado.

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