Análise quantitativa da resiliência e apoio social em estudantes universitários de primeiro e último ano de Psicologia

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Pedro Javier Castañeda-García
Marlon Fabián García-Torres
Resumo

Neste trabalho estudamos a percepção de resiliência e apoio social que um grupo de estudantes universitários tem em seu primeiro e último ano de estudos. Para isso, foram entrevistados 100 jovens voluntários de ambos os sexos que responderam a três testes, um questionário sociodemográfico que também perguntou sobre a sua atribuição de resiliência ao ambiente sociofamiliar mais próximo, a Escala de Resiliência (Connor & Davidson, 2003) e a Escala de Família e Escala de Apoio Social de Amigos (González & Landero, 2014). As três partes da entrevista foram administradas eletronicamente. Os dados obtidos foram tratados por análise descritiva, com testes paramétricos (correlação de Pearson) e não paramétricos (Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis e Qui quadrado). Os resultados mostraram que a resiliência e o apoio social estão positivamente relacionados entre si, tanto no início do primeiro ano letivo como no último. Quando o relacionamento dos alunos com os amigos é positivo, eles pontuam mais em resiliência e apoio social, tanto na primeira quanto na quarta série; e quando são positivos com os familiares, pontuam mais no apoio social, apenas nos alunos do primeiro ano. A variável local de origem dos alunos revelou uma relação marcante com o restante das variáveis ​​analisadas. Conclui-se que a resiliência e o suporte social são duas importantes variáveis ​​relacionadas ao desempenho do novo papel dos estudantes universitários, dentro da complexidade que essa transição vital acarreta. São necessárias mais pesquisas sobre esse processo para detectar aspectos que podem ser melhorados e propor intervenções pedagógicas que otimizem ambientes socioeducativos resilientes

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