Esquemas de Maladaptação Precoce e a sua Incidência em Distúrbios Alimentares: Uma Revisão Sistemática
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Resumo
Antecedentes: As perturbações alimentares (DE) têm uma origem multi-etiológica e a investigação recente tem mostrado um interesse crescente em avaliar o papel dos esquemas maladaptativos precoces (EMTS) no aparecimento e manutenção destas patologias, contudo, há pouca investigação analítica empírica que clarifique esta relação. A presente revisão sistemática examina o estado actual dos conhecimentos sobre a incidência de esquemas iniciais na população clínica e não-clínica.
Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas seguintes bases de dados: Scopus, PubMed e Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection.
Resultados: Catorze estudos foram identificados para inclusão. Verificou-se que os esquemas de vergonha/falha, privação emocional, isolamento social, inibição emocional e perfeccionismo eram mais prevalecentes na população clínica com um DE em comparação com a população normal.
Conclusão: Os domínios esquemáticos de desconexão e rejeição e sobre-vigilância e inibição podem tornar-se preditores para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de um distúrbio alimentar. É importante que a investigação futura continue a clarificar a relação causal que pode existir entre o STMS e a DE devido às implicações para a conceptualização clínica e a intervenção.
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