Esquemas Maladaptativos Tempranos y su Incidencia en los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria: Una Revisión Sistemática

Early Maladaptive Schemas and their Incidence in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review

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Leidy - Tatiana Castañeda Quirama
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Antecedentes: Los Trastornos de la conducta Alimentaria (TCA) tienen un origen multietiológico y las investigaciones recientes han mostrado un interés creciente en evaluar el rol de los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos (EMTS) en el inicio y mantenimiento de este tipo de patologías, sin embargo, son pocos las investigaciones de corte empírico analítico que aclaren esta relación. La presente revisión sistemática examina el estado actual del conocimiento sobre la incidencia que tienen los esquemas tempranos en los TCA en población clínica y no clínica.


Método: Revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos: Scopus, PubMed y Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection


Resultados: Se identificaron 14 estudios para su inclusión. Se encontró que los esquemas de vergüenza/ defectuosidad, deprivación emocional, aislamiento social, inhibición emocional y perfeccionismo, son más prevalentes en población clínica con un TCA, en comparación con población normal.


Conclusión: Los dominios esquemáticos de desconexión y rechazo y de sobrevigilancia e inhibición, podrían convertirse en predictores para el desarrollo y mantenimiento de un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Es importante que investigaciones futuras continúen aclarando la relación causal que podría existir entre los EMTS y los TCA, debido a las implicaciones para la conceptualización clínica y la intervención.

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