Influencia de la inducción del individualismo y el colectivismo en la aceptación y el rechazo de la desigualdad en jóvenes españoles y costarricenses
Personality in behavioral disorders in adolescence
Contenido principal del artículo
Las actitudes y comportamientos ante la desigualdad económica varían de una sociedad a otra, sin embargo el estudio transcultural de la desigualdad está todavía en sus primeros pasos. Considerando esto, realizamos una investigación experimental en dos sociedades, una de Europa (España, N = 332, M edad = 26.01, DT = 4.47, mujeres = 54,5%) y otra de Latinoamérica (Costa Rica, N = 338, M edad = 22.23, DT = 3.77, mujeres = 46,4%), con el objetivo de comparar la forma en que la inducción de orientaciones individualistas y colectivistas influye en el comportamiento frente a la desigualdad en la distribución de recursos. Encontramos que la inducción del individualismo y el colectivismo no obtuvo efectos en el comportamiento ante la desigualdad en España, excepto en una de las distribuciones en el juego del ultimátum (7:3). En Costa Rica encontramos que el priming individualista tuvo efecto en un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en todas las distribuciones aplicadas. Contrario a lo esperado, en la muestra costarricense se dio un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en comparación con la española. Estos resultados sugieren que, diferente a lo esperado, la sociedad relativamente más colectivista (Costa Rica) mostró un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad que la sociedad más individualista (España). Además, estos resultados no están influidos por el priming individualista, ya que al comparar los efectos sin considerar la estrategia de priming se obtiene un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en la muestra de Costa Rica que en la de España.
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