Intervenção do palhaço hospitalar na redução da percepção da dor e ansiedade em pacientes de oncologia pediátrica antes da punção lombar.
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Pacientes com doenças crônicas frequentemente enfrentam procedimentos potencialmente estressantes e invasivos como parte do tratamento. Palhaços hospitalares têm se mostrado um recurso valioso para melhorar aspectos psicológicos e emocionais em pacientes crônicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do palhaço hospitalar na ansiedade e na percepção da dor em pacientes pediátricos com leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) antes da punção lombar. Para isso, foi elaborado um protocolo quase-experimental com a intervenção do palhaço hospitalar. A amostra foi composta por 17 pacientes pediátricos com LLA, com idades entre 4 e 16 anos (Média=8,93 e Desvio Padrão=4,11). Os participantes foram avaliados usando a escala de dor Wong-Baker FACES e o instrumento de autoavaliação SAM, antes e depois da punção lombar sem intervenção, e depois de aproximadamente 6-8 semanas com a intervenção dos palhaços hospitalar. Foi realizado uma ANOVA de medidas repetidas com 2 fatores intra-sujeito. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa nos níveis de percepção da dor e ansiedade nos pacientes após a intervenção. Pode-se concluir que a intervenção do palhaço hospitalar pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para reduzir os níveis de percepção da dor e ansiedade nesse tipo de paciente. Essas descobertas destacam a importância de criar ambientes adequados em contextos hospitalares, o que beneficiará a saúde mental de crianças com doenças crônicas. Destaca-se a necessidade de realizar mais estudos, incluindo medidas fisiológicas, para apoiar essas descobertas em outros contextos e com outras populações.
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