A Personalidade Zen
Estudo Misto Quantitativo-Qualitativo em Praticantes Budistas da Catalunha
Conteúdo do artigo principal
No campo da psicologia e das ciências da saúde, houve um crescente interesse nas últimas décadas pela prática budista e seu impacto positivo na saúde mental. Neste artigo, estudaremos a relação entre a prática budista, comunidade e crenças de um lado, e personalidade e temporalidade subjetiva do outro. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa com praticantes pertencentes a um grupo Zen em Barcelona. Utilizamos um design misto quantitativo-qualitativo, com escalas psicométricas (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire/Short-Form y Dark Future Scale) e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostra quantitativa consistiu em 25 praticantes, que foram comparados com um grupo religioso e outro não religioso. Encontramos pontuações significativamente mais baixas e um tamanho de efeito médio no traço Busca de Sensações-Impulsividade, ao comparar o grupo Zen com o grupo não religioso. Nas 8 entrevistas qualitativas realizadas, identificamos um perfil "ascético" nos praticantes, que podem ser compreendidos como buscadores espirituais que, desiludidos com o catolicismo e o materialismo moderno, encontram seu lugar na prática e filosofia Zen. Os praticantes expressaram nas entrevistas um certo impacto da meditação - seguido por crenças e comunidade, respectivamente - no manejo de impulsos, emoções, ansiedade, comportamentos e pensamentos. Em resumo, o presente estudo sugere certas características psicológicas dos budistas Zen: um perfil ascético caracterizado por um certo desinteresse e insatisfação com os espaços de socialização e valores ocidentais, e um possível melhor manejo de impulsos, emoções e comportamentos, principalmente através da prática do zazen.
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