The theory of mind in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The role of the family composition.
Teoría de la mente en niños con trastornos por déficit de atención-hiperactividad: la estructura familiar
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The Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental or emotional states to others and to oneself. The development of this process is highly associated with family structure and dynamics. There are scarce studies about the role of the family in the functioning of ToM in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to establish the association between family structure and ToM functioning in children with ADHD. A group of 63 children with ADHD and 63 children with Typical Development (TD) were included, all of them in school and aged between 7 and 12 years old. To assess ToM, a battery based on false belief tasks, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and the faux pas test were used. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. The position and number of siblings were predictors of advanced ToM in children with ADHD, while living with siblings was the predictor of basic ToM in children with TD. The relevance of the family for the functioning of ToM is confirmed both for children with ADHD and for children with typical development. Likewise, it was determined that the interaction with siblings, and not with parents, has the most significant effect on ToM
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